Canada’s worst wildfire season: Keeping yourself healthy from wildfire smoke

Less than one month into summer, and Canada has officially marked its worst wildfire season on record already with more than 600 active fires burning across the country – and more than 100 active fires in BC alone. Our dry conditions are being caused by drought and above-normal temperatures, leaving many provinces at high risk for wildfires throughout July and into August. As these wildfires continue to rage, and new ones ignite, air quality has plummeted, and Canadians are encouraged to take precautions to protect their health from wildfire smoke.

Who’s at risk

With wildfire smoke comes serious potential health consequences for everyone, but especially those most vulnerable including infants and small children, seniors, pregnant women, and individuals with pre-existing chronic conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, and diabetes.

Health effects from wildfire smoke

Wildfire smoke is comprised of gases as well as fine particles which carry a great risk to our health. When inhaled, these particles travel into our lungs and can cause irritation and inflammation. Most symptoms are relatively mild and don’t require medical attention: sore throat, eye irritation, runny nose, and mild cough are some of the most common, among others. However, if you experience any of the following more severe symptoms, contact a health care professional immediately:

• Shortness of breath
• Severe cough
• Dizziness
• Chest pain
• Heart palpitations

Keeping yourself healthy from wildfire smoke

During smoky times, it’s important to limit your exposure. Here are some tips to help you do that:

• Check the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) and only go outside when it’s safe
• If you must go outside, use a well-fitted respirator or three-layer cloth or disposable mask
• Use a portable HEPA air purifier and keep your windows closed
• If you have a forced air heating/cooling system in your home, change the filter and set the fan to run continuously
• When driving in your car, use AC when possible and keep the ventilation set to recirculate
• Stay hydrated to reduce inflammation
• Reduce your activity level to reduce the amount of smoke you inhale

Preventative measures you can take to reduce smoke exposure

While many provinces are already experiencing smokey skies, there are preventative measures you can take either before the smoke arrives or when the air clears up:

• If you have a respiratory condition, stock up on your medications to ensure you have enough supply on hand for when the smoke arrives
• Consider purchasing a portable air cleaner with a HEPA air filter to reduce smoke particles indoors
• Learn about the different tools you can use to monitor current air quality and wildfire smoke forecasts

As climate change escalates, and droughts and above-normal temperatures become more common, Canadians can expect wildfire seasons to increase in severity leading to more summers of smoky skies.

For more information on wildfire smoke and the health implications, visit the BCCDC’s dedicated Wildfire Smoke webpage or the BC Government’s Air quality advisories.

For doctors who practice in areas at risk of wildfires, visit our Emergency Preparedness Resources for Physicians webpage for information on how to prepare for wildfires as well as how to continue delivering care to patients.